It is a medical doctor who specialised in the medical and surgical treatment of the kidneys,  urethers, bladder and urethra as well as the male genetalia and prostate.

Early prostate cancer is mostly asymptomatic.Thats why its important to go for regular prostate examinations.

Advanced prostate cancer can present with urinary symptoms, weight loss and bone pain.

Urinary symptoms include struggling to urinate or having to go more frequently during the day or night.Pain with urination is also possible.

A Prostate exam includes a digital rectal examination as well as a blood test called PSA(enzyme release into the bloodstream with prostatic disease or injury)

There is no consensus on how regular you should be examined ,by I suggest to start at the age of 40. The amount of exams between 40 and 50 will be determined by your initial PSA and exam.From the age of 50 you should be seen bi-annually until the age of 75 to 15 years life expectancy.

Most people think that low testosterone will only influence your erectile function and libido but testosterone affects most organ systems in the body.

Depression, loss of drive and tiredness is very common.Hot flushes similar to menopause in females may also occur.Loss of muscle/bone mass  and increased abdominal fat is mostly present.

Struggling to control blood pressure, diabetes and cholesterol.

Testis cancer is much more common in your younger patients(20-40 years)

Then also problems with the foreskin especially the inability to draw it back.

Urologists also play a role in birth control when a couple is finished with there family and in need for a ,more permanent type of contraception.

Mostly with a painless, hard mass in the scrotum .

If the diagnosis is delayed the patient can present with symptoms of metastatic disease  for example cough/ bone pain.

If testis cancer is picked up early   treatment is very successful and most patients are cured.That is why its is very important for boys to regularly examine their own scrotum and if anything abnormal is noticed, to immediately contact their doctor.

If a couple have decided they want a more permanent type of contraception we can offer them a vasectomy. It involves  a small operation where the sperm ducst(vas deferents) are disconnectedIts done as day procedure and most men are back at work he next day.It is one of the safest, most affordable ways of contraception.

Recurrent urinary tract infections is very common in females and most need a work up by a urologist.

Incontinence or leakage of urine is also seen daily in a urology practice.

Burning at urination, pain over the lower abdomen, as well frequency of urination and having to stand up many times at night to urinate This can be accompanied by fever and general feeling of being unwell. Urine can also have a funny smell, cloudy in colour or blood can be seen in your urine.

Your general practitioner should be able to treat most bladder infections but if he/she is unsure about he diagnosis, you are not responding to treatment or have more than 2 infections in 6 months you should consult a urologist.

There is a lot of different reasons for leaking urine and each cause has its own treatment. That can range from lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, medication to surgery. You will need to be thoroughly evaluated by a urologist find the reason and then treatment can be instituted.

It’s a very complex reaction where the solutes in your urine crystallise. This can be caused by either to much solutes or to little H2O in your urine as well as stasis of urine and decreased amount of stone inhibitors.

The size, density and the position of the stone in the urether or the kidney plays a role.

We also take patient factors into consideration. Diabetics, patients wills single kidneys and bilateral stones or patients with infection are not candidates for conservative management.

No

Most stones can either be broken up from the outside with shockwaves and will then pass spontaneously or can be managed by inserting a camera through the urethra and bladder into the urether and the kidney and then be removed with a basket and laser.

Fluid especially water to form 2l of urine a day. Water the best but carbonated water or orange/lemon juice have added advantage of citrate that inhibits stone formation

Decrease animal protein intake

Disease of the prostate of which prostate cancer and enlarged prostates are common.

Hypogonadism or decreased testosterone levels are also common in older men.